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English :
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Using clays in animal nutrition.
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Arabic :
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استخدام معادن الطين في تغذية الحيوان
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| Abstract |
This study was carried out to investigate the effect of supplementing the growing lambs rations by urea without or with rafla.. Four rations were formulated to be iso-nitrogenous and with similar energy value as follows:
1- A basal ration used as control (C).
2- A ration supplemented with 2% urea (U) .
3- A ration supplemented with 2% urea + 3% tafla (UT).4- A ration supplemented with 2.5% urea + 3% tafla (HUT).
These rations were mixed and pelleted to be a complete feed the rations were fed to growing lambs. Twenty four lambs of 14.5 kg weight and 16. weeks old were used. Lambs were divided into four groups.
A growth trial was conducted by feeding lambs of each group in a separate been the pelleted rations ad lib as well as rice straw which was also available for free choice consumption. Lambs were weighed at biweekly intervals and feed consumed from both of the pelleted rations and rice straw avere estimated.
The growth experiment lasted for 24 weeks. The daily gain in weight during the whole experimental period was 177,160, 166 and 178 grain for C, U, UT and HUT groups, respectively. The total DM intake of was 600, 589, 651 and 619 g/head/day. The DM intake from rice straw has not exceeded 3% of the total DM consumption, since the rations were formulated to be a complete feed containing 30% roughage (com cobs). The feed conversion (kg DM feed/kg gain) was 6.62, 6.81, 6.98 and 6.65 kg for C, U, UT and HUT groups, respectively.
By the end of the growth trial digestibility trials were conducted using 3 lambs from each group for each specific ration. The pelleted ration was offered and feces was collected. No significant differences were observed in DM, OM, CP and NFE digestibility among the experimental rations. These nutrients showed the ranges of 70.48 -72.18%, 74.75 -
75.76% , 74.37 - 79.41% and 75.41 - 81.13% for the different experimental rations for DM; OM, CP and BFE, respectively. The CF digestibility showed a significantly (P<0.0I) lower value with HUT ration (61.10%), while the range with the other groups was 68.78 - 70.71 % . The EE digestibility showed fluctuating results as the value of the is nutrient is too low in all rations.
These ration were also investigated for in vitro DM digestion. The C ration showed the highest IVDMD (60.95%) while the urea groups showed 55.43, 51.58 and 50.04% for, UT and HUT rations, respectively.
All rations showed almost similar TDN values of71.71, 70.47, 73.26 and 68.03% for C, U, UT and HUT rations, respectively. The corresponding SE values were 53.41, 56.14, 56.85 and 54.50% for C, U, UT and HUT rations, respectively. The DCP value of C ration was the highest (11.48%) , while the range of the urea ration was 10.19 - 11.48%.
The rumen fluid parameters were investigated. The NH3-N increased by advancing time after feeding. Tafla decreased the NH3-N values compared with urea alone at 1 - 4h post-feeding. This result showed that tafla trapped the ammonia ion released by urea decomposition. Tafla addition significantly (P<0.05) increased the pH values of rumen fluid at 3 and 4 h post-feeding. The TVFA's and microbial protein has not been changed among the tested groups. Their ranges were 9.69 - 10.29 mcq/l00 ml and 0.532-0.558 g/100 ml, respectively.
Blood parameters showed that tafla increased the hematological parameters, as well as glucose. Urea supplements increased urea -N, total protein and albumin than in the blood of the control group. The serum enzymes activity among the groups did not show any significant differences except GPT values which was significantly (P<0.0I) higher with urea groups than the control one. Tafla addition significantly (P<0.0I) increased Na, CL K and Ca contents in the lambs blood. This results might be due to the high content of these minerals in tafla.
Wool production by lambs of the experimental groups did not show any difference in the fleece weight which ranged between 2.52 Kg and 2.83 kg. No differences were observed in the physical characteristics of wool among the different groups of tested lambs, except that lambs fed tafla, which showed the lowest wool impurities percent,
This result was reflected in significantly (P < 0.01) high clean wool production by lambs fed. tafla.
It was concluded that adding tafla to urea supplemented rations was beneficial. Tafla showed high daily gain in weight compared with urea as a sole supplement. Tafla trapped the ammonia ion released by urea decomposition and this result was clear by NH3N estimation at 3 h post- feeding. Better gain in weight was reflected on better feed cost. Tafla supplement increased the clean wool production. The overall results showed that urea supplement decreased the feed costs. Supplementing rations with 2.5% urea and 3% tafla decreased the feed cost to produce one kg gain by 20.72% compared with the control ration.
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| Publication year |
1997
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| Pages |
127p.
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| Availability location |
معهد بحوث الانتاج الحيوانى -شارع نادى الصيد- الدقى - الجيزة
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| Availability number |
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| Organization Name |
Animal Production Research Institute (APRI)
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| Country |
Egypt
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| Department |
Agricultural By-products Utilization Research Department
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| Author(s) from ARC |
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| Agris Categories |
Animal feeding
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AGROVOC
TERMS |
Animal nutrition.
Clay minerals.
Fluids.
Lambs.
Rumen.
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| Publication Type |
PhD Thesis
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