| Titles |
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English :
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Reproductive efficiency of buffalo
cows in relation to managerial practices.
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Arabic :
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الكفاءة التناسلية للجاموس و علاقتها بعوامل الرعاية.
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| Abstract |
The work aimed at studying the managerial and physiological causes influencing the calving interval of Egyptian buffaloes under two different systems of estrous detection simulating common practices at: a) state farms and, b) small farmer level, Particular reference also has been paid to study the effect of the calving season on post-partum reproductive criteria (e.g. description of estrous behavior and its related phenomenon and ovarian disfunction) .
The experiment comprised thirty post-partum buffalo cows in each of hot (May through October) and cold( November through April) seasons. Animals within each season had been divided into two sub-equal groups (n=15). The first group (G1) was subjected to intensive heat detection regimen (four times daily at six hours interval) simulating traditional close attention of the farmer to his buffalo The second group (G2) was subjected to routine1y estrous detection regimen similar to the common practices in state farms (two times daily at 8:00 a.m. and3.00 P.M)
The buffalo cows were observed visually at 6:00 a.m., 6:00 p.m. and 12:00 midnight for 30 minutes at along with detection by buffalo bull for extra 30 minutes (after the visual observation). Rectal palpation weekly until first service and after 60 from service for pregnancy diagnosis. Progesterone concentration in blood was determined by radioimmunoassay technique in samples collected from jugular vein at 3 to 4 intervals. Estradiol-17β and progesterone were measured in samples collected when the buffalo displayed heat. The results of this work could be summarized as: The overall mean of post-partum ovulation interval (PPOI) was 41.4±3.2 days. About 90% of the buffaloes resumed their ovarian activity during the 60 days post-partum. System of heat detection did not differ in the determination of PPOI. Hot season calvers had longer PPOI (46.8± 4.3 days) than cold season calvers (36.1±4.2 days). About 96% of cold season calvers resumed their ovarian activity days post-partum vs. 82% of hot season calvers during the same period. Detecting estrus intensively (4 times/day), showed the interval from parturition to first significantly (40.9±5.5 days) compared to extensive regimen
(2 times/day) (G2) (71.0±5.2 days). Similar trend was observed in both seasons with longer season. About 93% of first estrus cases in G1 occurred within 60 days post-partum vs. 62% of G2 in the same period.
Percentage of recorded quiet ovulation cases in both hot and cold seasons was always four to five times in G2 to that in G1 on the other hand, animals of G1 displayed ovulatory estrus in higher percentage (91%) than that of G2 (58%). Intensive heat detection (four times daily) recorded significantly short intervals for all the post-partum reproductive criteria. Overall means of post-partum interval, service period, days open and calving interval were 47.1±5.4 , 15.7±8.8, 60.4±11.1 and 375.4±11.1 days in G1 vs. 71.6±5.3, 34.3±8.1, 105.9±10.1 and 420.9±10.1 days in G2, respectively.
These parameters also were shorter in cold season compared to hot one in both G1 and G2 . The percentage of buffalo cows which conceived from one two and three services were 60.4, 30.2 and 9.4%, respectively . System of heat detection did not vary the recorded conception rate. Seasonal effect on number of services per conception was not at a significant level, although it was slightly higher (1. 6 service) in hot season than in cold one (1.3 service). Percentage of buffaloes which conceived from the first service was higher (74.1%) in cold season than in hot one (46.2%). Out of 143 ovulations, 17 were quiet (11.9%) and 13 were of non standing behavior (9.1%), while the rest of ovulations (113) were accompanied with estrus ovulatory estrus (79%). Mean of estrus period was 11.6 hours . the length of estrus period increased with repetition of estrus. About 52% of the first estrus periods were 6 hours in length. Generally 50.4% of heat periods were 12 hours in length. Estrus period was insignificantly longer in cold season (12.0 hours) than in hot one (11.0 hours). Signs of estrus showed gradual increase steady increase in their frequency with estrus approach and reached their climax on the estrus day except standing behaviour which appeared abruptly. During heat period, mutual behaviour between male and female was the highest in occurrence, while mutual behaviour among females was the least.The estrus behaviour during the post-partum period is generlly moderate (46% of total estrus) . percentage of behavioural estrus in two seasons reached about 88% of total ovulations. The percentages of strong, moderate and weak estrus were 22.4, 46.6 and 22.4% in cold season vs. 11.8, 45.6 and 30.9% in hot season ,respectively (Rest of ovulations were accompanied by non-standing estrus).The high frequency of estrus occurred mostly during nocturnal period; 88% estrus cases were observed in the period from 3:00 p.m to 9:00 a.m of the next day.Distribution of estrus incidence throughout the day showed two peaks, the first (27% of estrus cases) in the evening (from 3:00 p.m to 9:00p.rn) and the second (37% estrus cases) in the early morning (from 3.00 a.m to 9.00 a.m) . The least percentage occurred close to noon (about 12% of estrus cases started during the period from 9:00 a.m to 3:00 p.m) Moreover, about 60% of the estrus cases began and terminated through the period from 3: 00 p. m to 9:00 a.m, whereas the percentage of only 5% was during the period from 9:00 a.m to 3:00 p.m. The season had clear effect on the diurnal distribution of estrus incidence and termination. During and the cold season 53.5% of estrus cases occurred during the period from 3:00 a.m to 3.00 p.m The corresponding percentage in the hot season was 44.2%. About 45% of the estrus cases began and terminated during the period from 3:00 p.m to 9:00 a.m in cold season, while in hot season the corresponding value was 72.1%. Efficiency coefficient of heat detection was higher in G1 (4 times/day) (86.1) than in G2 (2 times/day) in (39.9). The coefficient for G1 was higher (93.8) in cold than in hot season (80.9) , the same seasonal trends occurred for G2, 56.8 and 35.5, respectively. Throughout the experimental period, 83% of buffalo cows had regular ovarian activity. Rest of the cows (17%) showed abnormal types of ovarian activity in forms of sustained anestrus (5%) , long post-partum anestrus (>90 days, 5%) and irregular ovarian activity (successive ovulations were splited with anestrus periods, 6.7%). Buffalo-cows which gave birth for their calves during hot season showed higher percentage of ovarian disorders (20%) than those of cold one (13%). Percentage of repeat breeder buffalo was similar in hot and cold seasons.
6- The ratio of oestradiol-17β to progesterone in the blood of buffaloes in estrus period was 1:40. In relation to season of calving it was 1:38 in cold season, vs. 1:41 in hot one.
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| Publication year |
1995
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| Pages |
186
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| Availability location |
مكتبة معهد بحوث النتاج الحيوانى-شارع نادى الصيد- الدقى - الجيزة
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| Availability number |
491
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| Organization Name |
Animal Production Research Institute (APRI)
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| Country |
Egypt
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| Department |
Animal Production System Research Department (SRD)
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| Author(s) from ARC |
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| Agris Categories |
Animal physiology - Reproduction
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AGROVOC
TERMS |
Management.
Oestrous cycle.
Parturition interval.
Reproductive performance.
Water buffaloes.
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| Publication Type |
PhD Thesis
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