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English :
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Performance of ewes fed sugarcane bagasse silage treated with different levels of urea.
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Arabic :
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أداء النعاج المغذاة على سيلاج مصاصة القصب المعامل بمستويات مختلفة من اليوريا.
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| Abstract |
This study was carried out at MaIIawi Animal Production Research on on 213 of 3/4 Chios x 1/4 Ossimi sheep. The aim of this study to determine the effect of feeding sugarcane bagasse silage (SCBS) d with different levels of urea (1.5 and 3 % on DM basis) on productive and reproductive performane of sheep in different ages and physiological stages of production.
The experimental animals were divided into four treatment groups in initial body weight and age, a control group fed concentrates wheat straw and three silage fed groups (T0. T1.5, T3) receiving containing 0, 1.5 and 3 % urea, respectively with concentrates. The animals fed 60 % of their nutrition requirements as concentrate mixture while roughage (silage or wheat straw) were given ad Iibitum.
The study including digestibility trial and productive and reproductive traials.
Digestibility trial carried out with four mature rams to determine
digestibility. feeding value. silage quality and rumen liquor parameters of
SCBS treated with different levels of urea.
productive and reproductive performance trials carried out on 208 female
sheep to study some productive and reproductive performance of female
sheep (ewes & ewe Iambs) fed silage treated with different levels of urea.
These traits include growth performance, fertility, colostrum and
production, puberty and some blood constituents.
All data were analyzed using GLM procedure of SAS Results
obtained could be summarizing in the following:-
1) Digestibility trial
-Silage process increased CF and ash content of SCB, whereas urea
treatment decreased CF and increased CP content.
-Feeding silage either with or without urea increased (P<0.05) digestibilities of DM, OM, CP, CF and EE, whereas the effect on NFE was not significant. . Within silage groups, urea supplementation had only a significant (P< 0.05) effect on CP digestibility.
2) Ewes body weight changes
-Ewes showed a gradual increase in body weight with advancing of pregnancy. Such increase was more pronounced at the last third of pregnancy. Body weight showed a sharp decrease directly after lambing and continued to decrease gradually until the eight th week of lactation before rising again.
-Average DM intake was similar all over pregnancy and lactation periods except the last month of pregnancy, where it showed a significant decrease.
-During premating period, silage or urea had no significant effect on body weight or body weight changes, whereas the increase in feed intake was significant (P< 0.05), especially with 3 % urea fed group.
-During pregnancy, T0, T1.5 and T3 had higher body weight and body weight changes (P< 0.05) and feed intake (P< 0.01) compared with control group.
-During lactation, Tl.5 and T3 groups had higher body weight than T0 fed group.
3) Fertility of mature ewes
-Number of ewes exhibited estrus or lambed were lower in urea fed
groups (T1.5 & T3) than control and silage fed groups. Number of
service per conception (S/C) was adversely affected by urea treatment particularly 3% urea
-Silage fed groups had higher body weight at lambing and their lambs had higher average and total birth weight and weaning weight than control group.
- Long term feeding of urea had adverse effect on fertility of treated ewes as compared with fertility before treatment.
- About 18 % (8 from 45 ewes) of ureated fed groups had estrus length more than 48 hours compared with about 4 % (2 from 49 ewes) for both control and silage (T0) fed groups.
4) Colostrum production
-Feeding sugarcane bagasse silage treated with different levels of urea (0, 1.5 and 3 %) increased colostrum yield by 9, 13 and 18 %, respectively as compared with control group.
- Feeding silage without urea showed in significant increase in
colostrum composition as compared with control group.
- Animals fed SCBS with 3 % urea had higher (P< 0.01) colostrum total solids percentage and yield, fat yield and solids not fat percentage and yield as compared with control group, whereas animals fed SCBS with 1.5 % urea had significant (P< 0.05) higher colostrums omposition yield and fat percent as compared with control.
-Within the first 48 hours of lambing, colostrum yield was increased and colostrum composition percentages were decreased with
dvancing period in all groups.
5) Milk production
-Silage feeding groups (T0, TI.5 and T3) had higher (P< 0.05) milk production and milk composition yield than control fed group.
-Urea supplementation had no significant effect on milk yield and composition as compared with group fed silage without urea (T0) with the exception of TS and SNF percentages, which they were higher in eated fed groups (Tl.5 and T3) than untreated silage fed group.
6) Blood metabolites during first 48 hours of lambing
- Average plasma total protein and globulin in lambing ewes during first 48 hours of lambing were significantly higher (P<0.05) in SCBS with 3 % urea (T3) than control or silage fed group (T0).
No significant (P>0.05) effect of urea or silage feeding was found plasma albumin of lambing ewes and plasma total protein, albumin and globulin of new born lambs.
With advancing time after lambing, in ewes, plasma albumin (in all treated groups) and total protein (in control group) were increased (P<0.05). Whereas new born lambs showed an increase (P<0.01) in plasma total protein, albumin and globulin values with advancing time after lambing.
7) Lambs growth performance
Average final body weight of growing ewe lambs was higher in T3 fed group (40.2 kg) than those of T1.5 (38.6 kg), TO (37.5 kg) and control group (33.9 kg).
Average daily gain was significantly higher (P< 0.05) in silage fed groups (T0, T1.5 and T3) than control one. Compared to silage, no significant effects (P> 0.05) due to urea levels were reported.
Average voluntary intake of ewe lambs were higher (P< 0.01) in SCBS fed groups than that of control group.
8) Puberty and early mating Animals fed SCBS with 3 % urea had higher body weight at puberty while no significant effect (P> 0.05) of silage or urea treatment on age puberty was observed.
Peak plasma progesterone concentration decreased (P< 0.05) with treateament, particularly that of SCBS treated with 3 % urea.
The rate of decrease in mean plasma progesterone concentration increased with increasing level of urea. T3 fed group had 77 % mean plasma progesterone value of control fed group.
- Variation between age at puberty estimated by estrus sign or first rise in plasma progesterone was limited except that of T3 fed group where the variation between the two ages reached to 28 days.
9) Blood metabolites
- Silage fed group had higher (P< 0.05) blood Hb and plasma total protein and urea concentrations than control one.
- Urea supplementation increased (P< 0.05) plasma total protein, albumin, ALT, and urea concentrations as compared with control or group fed silage without urea.
- Feeding 3 % urea had a significant effect (P< 0.05) on average plasma total protein, ALT and urea as compared with group fed 1.5 %
- Plasma transaminases enzymes (ALT & AST), total bilirubin and creatinine concentrations tended to be higher in T3 fed group as compared with control or T0 fed group.
-Silage or urea treatment had no significant effect on RBC's and PCV % and plasma glucose, total lipids and alkaline phosphatase concentration.
In conclusion, feeding sugarcane bagasse silage with or without urea may improve growth performance and production of milk and colostrum, whereas urea particularly long term feeding and high level (3 %), may be had a negative effect on liver and kidney functions and
productive performance of ewes.
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| Publication year |
2004
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| Availability location |
مكتبة معهد بحوث الانتاج الحيوانى- شارع نادى الصيد- الدقى- الجيزة
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| Availability number |
865
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| Organization Name |
Animal Production Research Institute (APRI)
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| Country |
Egypt
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| Department |
Sheep and Goat Research Department
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| Author(s) from ARC |
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| Agris Categories |
Animal physiology - Nutrition
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AGROVOC
TERMS |
Ewes.
Performance testing.
Silage.
Sugarcane.
Urea.
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| Publication Type |
PhD Thesis
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